Here are some common mistakes I see in stories that can easily be corrected and make your story just that much better.
1. Homonyms
A homonym is a word that might have the same spelling or pronounced the same way but mean two different things. Here's a list of commonly misused homonyms and some examples.
Lose -- misplace something; He will probably lose that game.
Loose -- opposite of tight; She wore a loose shirt.
Who's -- Who Is that?
Whose -- Whose book is that in the classroom?
There -- "There is," or "Look at her over there"
Their -- Possessive; Their book, their movie.
They're -- They are
Your -- Possessive and ownership; your computer
You're -- You are
All right -- "all" is everything and "right" directs it towards a place
Alright -- If someone is doing well and OK
Its -- Possessive
It's -- It is; It's hot out here today.
Affect -- Something that will cause a change in someone/thing
Effect -- The result of what that change was
Accept -- Including or taking something into something else
Except -- Excluding and leaving something/one out of something
Hour -- 60 minutes of time
Our -- Possessive; Our car
Advise -- The verb form
Advice -- Words to help someone; the noun form.
Capital -- Referring to the capital of a state: Richmond, Virginia; wealth in the form of money; an uppercase letter
Capitol -- A building or many buildings where the state legislature meets
2. Troublesome Pairs of Verbs
Three sets of verbs are particularly difficult: lie and lay, sit and set, and rise and raise.
Lie -- "To assume a lying position" and parts are lie, (is) lying, lay, (have) lain
Lay -- "To put" or "to place something" and parts are lay, (is) laying, laid, (have) laid
The verb "lie" never has an object, so you will never "lie" anything down.
The verb "lay" is transitive, the opposite of what "lie" is, and may have an object or be in passive voice.
When you want to express the idea of "putting or placing something" in the past tense, always use "laid."
Sit -- "To be in an upright, sitting position" and parts are sit, (is) sitting, sat, (have) sat.
Set -- "To put or place in something," and parts are set, (is) setting, set, (have set).
When you want to "put something down" always use set or setting; for all other meaning, use "set" or "sat" or "sitting."
Rise -- "to go up."
Raise -- "To force something to move upward."
When the subject of the verb is acting on something, forcing it upward, use "Raise." "Raise" will usually take an object.
3. Capitalization
Capitalization is important in stories. It indicates the beginning of sentences and distinguish names and titles. It is very easy to get confused in a story with no capitalization Here is a short list of certain times you always use capitalization.
Beginning a new sentence
First word in direct quotation
First word of a statement or question inserted in a sentence without quotation marks; ex: My question is, Will this help us defeat the First?
The pronoun "I" and interjection "O"
Proper nouns and proper adjectives
Names of People
Geographical names
Organizations, business firms, institutions, government bodies
Historical events and periods, special events, calendar items
Nationalities, races, religions
Business products
Words referring to a God
4. Dead words/verbs repeated over and over again.
Dead verbs:
Is
Am
Are
Was
Were
Be
Been
Being
Try to come up with different words instead of saying "she is running," say "she leaped over the rock, continuing her frantic pace back to the school."
Dead words:
Also
Awesome, cool, neat, rad
Scared
Have to
Very
Like
Kid
Mad
Nice
Lots
So
Fun, funny
Good, great
Awful
Said
Try taking out these words (use a thesaurus) and come up with more complex words. In my opinion, "said" is one of the most overused dead words. Instead, use "remarked," "commented," "questioned," "stated," etc. There are plenty of more interesting words out there. In fact, check out this list: Other Words for Said.
Did I miss anything? Want me to add something? Let me know!
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